Edward Emerson Barnard (December 16, 1857 – February 6, 1923) was an American astronomer. He is best known for his discovery of Barnard's Star in 1916, which is named in his honor.

Nicolas Camille Flammarion (26 February 1842—3 June 1925) was a French astronomer and author. He was a prolific author of more than fifty titles, including popular science works about astronomy, several notable early science fiction novels, and several works about Spiritism and related topics. At the age of nineteen, he published his first work, La Pluralité des Mondes Habités, which caught the public taste and was at once translated into several languages. From 1862 to 1866 he was attached to the Bureau des Longitudes.

Named in memory of John A. Brashear (1840-1920), maker of astronomical telescopes and scientific instruments, popularizer of astronomy and university administrator. Brashear contributed much to the siting, design and fundraising for the Allegheny Observatory, and his firm constructed its 0.76-m refractor and 0.79-m Keeler reflector. He figured the 0.4-m photographic doublet with which Max Wolf discovered many minor planets.

Samuel Pierpont Langley (1834-1906), third secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, was founder of its Astrophysical Observatory. While Allegheny Observatory director he invented a bolometer. He developed a working wing and in 1896 conducted the first successful flight of an unmanned, heavier-than-air flying machine.

Samuel P. Langley was named an Honorary Member of the Astronomical and Physical Society of Toronto on 1894-01-09.

The son of Karl Schwarzschild, Martin was a leader in research on the structure and evolution of stars. He was the first to use a hot-air balloon (Project Stratoscope, 1957) to carry a telescope into the stratosphere to take cleaner pictures of the sun.

The name was suggested by F. K. Edmondson.

Dr. Schwarzschild was named an Honorary Member of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada on 1963-01-04.

Orbit type: Main Belt Asteroid 

MPC 41934

Through his pioneering work on the impact origins of lunar craters, Ralph Baldwin (b. 1912, d. 2010) recognized the importance of impacts in the moon's geologic history. Baldwin's contributions to lunar science were published in his books The Face of the Moon (1949) and The Measure of the Moon (1963).

Baldwin was named an Honorary Member of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada on 1981-01-31.

Orbit type: Main Belt Asteroid

Reference: MPC 41382

Francis Beaufort (1774-1857) was an admiral of the British Navy who devised the scale for classifying wind force at sea. Since the (originally 13) force numbers of the Beaufort scale made no reference to the speed of the wind, many attempts have been made to relate the numbers with wind velocity.

For eight years starting in 1848, Beaufort directed the Arctic Council during its search for the explorer, Sir John Franklin, lost in his last polar voyage to search for the legendary Northwest Passage.